Compare and contrast the poems Essay

The poem leaves us either reassured that in the midst of all evil there can be some good or depressed and in despair because in the family life of the Belson commandant lurks an evil which could ruin their lives any time. Night of the Scorpion The title denotes power and control from the scorpion as one night the scorpion ruled and controlled everything that happened. The title uses Night to give a sense of dark times and that something fatal may occur. The poem is very other. It has an Indian location which is where scorpions can be found as it is one of the warmer regions of the world. The poem is in free verse with the last three lines sectioned off. It is of narrative style and contains a very memorable heart. The weather was desperate and it was lashing with rain. In fact the monsoon conditions had affected the scorpion and all that it wanted to do was to shelter from the torrent. However it was disturbed by the poet’s mother who was probably searching for rice to feed her family. She was stung and the poison from the tail entered her bloodstream like a foreign invader defiling the enemy territory. Many neighbours arrived and the author compares this to a â€Å"swarm of flies†. I would compare it to students who clamour around desperate fro entertainment around a schoolyard fight or would be helpers around an accident victim. The neighbours like the helpers all had their suggestions many of their ideas involving the power, rituals and beliefs of religion. The scorpion is thought to be evil when in reality it is only trying to protect itself. The people believed that the victim and the scorpion were still linked. This bond meant that when the scorpion moved the poison inside the mother moved around her blood invading and conquering. Many prayers were said for the victim. The neighbours also felt that out of this tragic accident some good would emerge. The poison would â€Å"burn away† her sins and cleanse and purify her body of excessive ambition and lustful or adulterous thoughts or acts. Neighbours believed that her suffering was paying the price of evil to God and reducing the amount of evil in the world. The victim’s husband was willing to try any one idea or a combination and mixture of the suggestions. He was usually not one to believe in religion but usually based his opinions on logic and facts. Yet even he set fire to the affected site and watched the â€Å"flame feeding† on her toe. A holy man was allowed to perform sacred rites and after twenty hours the victim recovers only to rejoice in the fact that it was her and not her children. The mother’s wishes were a superb example of the unconditional love most mothers feel for their children. Comparisons and Differences. Both poems are about creatures who are simply concerned with their own survival. With the vultures it is the need for food that causes them to be scavenges and with the scorpion its wish not to be squashed causes it to â€Å"flash its diabolic tail†. Both poems give information on cultures that are not familiar to us. The main difference is the message given by the poets In vultures the readers can chose there own position with regards to good and evil whereas the second message denotes the helplessness that sometimes death will occur and at other times the victim will survive. In the scorpion it is possible for both the victim and the scorpion to survive whereas the vultures will die if they don’t eat prey and the prey is already dead. Death is a necessary evil for the vultures. Cultural Background I think that ‘Night of the Scorpion’ best captures cultural background because it mentions religion and family life from another culture. For example â€Å"mud baked walls† and â€Å"candles and lanterns† and the â€Å"Holy man performing his rights to tame the poison with an incantation†. Whereas ‘vultures’ is set in the middle of nowhere, somewhere like the deserted plains of Africa. It isn’t something that would be found happening in a village. ‘Scorpion’ is a true story of the poets’ family and it comes across through the detail and building of atmosphere the poem contains brought about by the phrase â€Å"ten hours of steady rain had driven him to crawl beneath a sack of rice†. As he was there at the time his thoughts and feelings are brought across very well in his writing. The poem shows compassion when the â€Å"mother only said Thank God the scorpion picked on me and spared my children. † Conclusion I prefer ‘vultures’ as I like the way in which evil is contained in good. This is shown in the phrase â€Å"in the very germ of that kindred love is lodged the perpetuity of evil†. The evil is described in phrases such as â€Å"picked the eyes of a swollen corpse†, â€Å"ate the things in its bowel† and â€Å"fumes of human roast†. The good however is conjured up by â€Å"inclined affectionately† and â€Å"tender offspring. I feel it is more of a poem compared to Night of the Scorpion because Scorpion is a very much narrative style of writing. It is too narrative for my liking.

America (West Side Story) Essay

Introduction This document is the lyrics of the song America extracts from the movie West Side Story. This movie is a musical directed by Jerome Robbins and Robert Wise in 1961. It sets in NY in the 50’s. It deals with a confrontation between two rival gangs : the Jets (american) and the Sharks (Portorican). It also deals with a love story between Tony and Maria. Their love story is based on Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet as the two lovers belong to different groups. The song America was write by Stephen Sondheim and composed by Leonard Bernstein. During the scene, the portorican girls support the life in America whereas the portorican boys criticise it. To study this song, I’m going to present in a first part the life in Puerto Rico and then in a second part the life in the US. And to finish, in a third part, the boy’s intention. I – The life in Puerto Rico (l. 1 to l. 7) => The climate : There are a lot of hurricanes which destroy the houses and the plantations. It is also very hot, so hot that it must be difficult to work. => The working conditions : In Puerto Rico, they are waiting for jobs. A lot of people are unemployed or even if they have a job, they are low-paid and they have to borrow (emprunter) money from the banks. They are exploited and indebted. => The birth rate : The birth rate is very high. The portoricans are Catholic and they don’t know anything about the birth control or the means of contraception. There are more and more mouths to feed and more and more unemployment. Consequently, they have to emigrate, mainly to the US, in order to have a better life. It was easy for them to get the American citizenship because Puerto Rico depended on the USA. It is a negative image of Puerto Rico. Maria criticises it and yet she says â€Å"my heart’s devotion† (l. 1) but she is ironical. She prefers the life in the US and doesn’t care if P. Rico disappears because she says â€Å"let it sink back in the ocean†. II – The life in the US (l. 8 to l. 31) ? Girl’s opinion : The girls say that it’s a better life because there is more freedom (â€Å"free to be anything you choose†), you can become whoever you want. The life is more comfortable, you can have your own washing machine, and there is more space because you can have big and good apartments. There is no more unemployment because of the â€Å"industry boom† (l. 15) so there is more job opportunities, more chances to become someone socially. For the girls, the US are a land of freedom and pride. ? Boy’s opinion : For them, everywhere in America, they suffer from racial discrimination. At work because they can just access to low-paid jobs. In housing because their requests to have a house are refused. In the street and shops because of their skin colour and their accent. They have low-paid jobs and they can’t afford big apartments so they have to live in promiscuity (â€Å"twelve in a room in america†). Moreover they can’t afford clothes so the washing machine is useless (â€Å"what will you have, though, to keep clean†). The life in America isn’t as good as the girls say because it’s violent and dangerous (â€Å"organized crime in America†) and dirty (â€Å"everywhere grime in America†). The girls believe in the American dream whereas the boys are disillusioned and pessimistic. III – The boy’s intention (l. 32 to the end) The boys intends to (ont l’intention de) go back to San Juan in Puerto Rico because settling down in America didn’t bring any real changes. Moreover, they can’t stand the racial discrimination anymore. They expects to be cheerfully welcome in San Juan. Maria pretends not to care about it, she pretends not to be upset (contrariee). She has the last words with â€Å"Everyone there will have moved here† l35. She means that all the portoricans are sensible (senses) enough to understand that their future is in the US. Conclusion To conclude the life in the US and the life in Puerto Rico are confronted because of the situation. The girls support the America but the boys underline the fact that even if they found liberty and pride in the US, they are still confronted to poverty and they suffer from racism and violence. Maria conclude with the fact that all the portoricans in Puerto Rico would be in the US. However, I can understand that the boys don’t feel good in America and want go back to Puerto Rico because even if they will be poor, it’s their land. They should feel better with portoricans than with american. It’s up to them to make a choice but I think that their survival instinct will lead them to America because they will have more chance to succeed than in Puerto Rico.

Charity Contribution Tax Deductions for Individuals Research Paper

Charity Contribution Tax Deductions for Individuals - Research Paper Example IRS, organizations that legally qualify to receive charitable contributions that tax system would allow as deductions includes registered churches and government organizations. However, the IRS accepts application for organizations who would wish to qualify as charitable after they apply and legally get an approval letter. Otherwise, the IRS would reject deductions for any charitable contributions submitted to the aforementioned organizations. It is imperative to understand that IRS would only accept charitable contributions that taxpayers have submitted to qualified organizations. Therefore, IRS would not deduct charitable contributions made to political organizations, political candidates, and individuals. Apparently, taxpayers who donate property instead of cash to legally qualified organizations have the right to claim tax deductions on their taxable income based on fair market value. Fair market value relates to the inherent price that a property would remain in transaction between a willing seller and buyer (Rosen 230). Normally, IRS rejects individuals deductions for charitable contributions relating to property donations mainly because the latter’ claims don not conform to the fair market value. It is important for taxpayers to determine appropriately the fair market value for property donated before claiming charitable deductions. Otherwise, IRS would reject application for deductions related to property donations in cases where taxpayers do not inclusively calculate the current fair market price of the donations. Majority of court cases involving IRS denying deduction of charitable contributions on taxpayer’s taxable income involves poor timing by the latter. According to IRS, taxpayers who wish to have their charitable contributions deducted on taxable income must submit the documentations and legal requirements detailing the contributions before close of tax year. Timing contribution before close of an individual’s tax year is imperative in

Parental Role in Juvenile Delinquency Research Paper

Parental Role in Juvenile Delinquency - Research Paper Example   Failure of parents to assert themselves not just as role models, but also as disciplinary figures within the family structure culminates in complete failure of a child (Tyler 785). Anna Tyler’s â€Å"Teenage Wasteland Short Story† is an excellent illustration of this scenario. In this book a parent, Daisy, fails to raise her son appropriately, instead opting to transfer this responsibility to a tutor, leading to his failure at school and eventual escape from home (Tyler 786). Tyler’s book confirms the imperative role that a parent should play, by motivating a child, executing appropriate disciplinary measures and establishing a positive relationship based on affection and trust, all in the effort of guaranteeing a smooth transition from childhood to adulthood. Based on research conducted by Fletcher, Steinberg, and Williams-Wheeler (769-772), children that have positive relations with their guardians, have a high likelihood of disclosing information concernin g their struggles with troubling issues. As a result, they would consult their parents for solutions, before the problem escalates. Additionally, such constructive parent and child relations most likely exist within families where parents depict warmth and offer support to the children. This is, however, not the case in Anne Tyler’s short story â€Å"Teenage Wasteland†. The teenage character, Donny, is completely unmotivated performing poorly in his academic work. When Daisy, Donny’s concerned mother, notices the poor grades she employs a private tutor named Cal, in order to help him improve his grades (787-789). For a responsible parent, the most logical step would have been to question Donny about his performance, in order to establish the cause of the problem and find out how she could help. Shifting parental responsibility to someone else is neither a reflection of affection nor support. Another negative relationship is that between Cal and Donny since he ac ts more like a friend than an adult figure. Further, Cal does not motivate Donny to perform better or to make responsible decisions. Because of the absence of a constructive relationship between Donny and his role models, coupled with the latter’s failure to adhere to proper success guidelines, the teen’s performance deteriorates further and his bad behavior worsens. Based on research conducted by Stattin and Kerr (1072-1079) parents’ self-confidence inspires children to have higher self-esteem, since they believe that if their parents can achieve something, then they are capable of doing the same. Additionally, when parents assert themselves as firm and capable of handling situations, this also encourages children to rely entirely on them. Clearly, this is not the case in â€Å"Teenage Wasteland†, since Daisy lacks confidence in her parenting capabilities.  

Religion, Feminism, and Environmentalism Research Paper - 1

Religion, Feminism, and Environmentalism - Research Paper Example Women who are both religious and in support of the efforts of the women’s movement have sought common ground in order to actively pursue ecological interests. In comparing Christian, Hindu, and Buddhist faiths in context with women’s movements, it is clear they are actively interested in both principles of equality and ecology where common ground can be found which unites these belief systems. Ecological feminism is a theory that combines feminist ideals and motivations with a concern with preserving the world through ecological perspectives. Warren and Cheney write that â€Å"Ecological feminism is a feminism which attempts to unite the demands of the women's movement with those of the ecological movement in order to bring about a world and worldview that are not based on socioeconomic and conceptual structures of domination†. The marriage of the women’s movement and ecological interests is not new and can be seen in many cultures, including in Brazil whe re the women’s movement and the landless people movement were grew together in order to support the concept of living off of the land in a communal and freedom based environment that was contextually absent of consumerist interests. This was done in order to support the weak and the marginalized in a meaningful and bountiful way.2 It may be that the problems within the environment are some of the most serious problems that are being faced in the 21st century as the economy and the act of working is based upon consumerism which often strips resources and fundamentally changes ecological systems both nonhuman and human.3 The idea of ecological feminist movements are often based upon practical solutions to social problems where in the shadow of patriarchy and male dominance, alternatives to participation in economies where there are disadvantaged women find ways in which to focus on less economically based roots of survival. Hindu The traditions of India were always based upon e cological principles in which sustainability was a driving force behind decision making in relationship to resources. Religious texts such as the Vedas and Puranas supported environmental ethics as well as the Advaita philosophy that â€Å"acquires a cosmic character as it considers all living beings to be God’s creation†4 This is the basis of Indian belief systems that place importance on reverence for the Earth. However, industrialization and the formation of larger cities as centers of employment have led to deforestation and he disruption of what had been carefully attended ecologies, specifically affecting women who depend more on the natural world for their sustenance and methods of earning a living. The development of environmental movements have allowed women a common cause that does not run contrary to other cultural belief systems, but allows them to assert themselves into the public discourse. The extremes of poverty sometimes prevent women in India to becom e activists, but it galvanizes others.5 In India, the issues of ecology and sustainability are integral to the needs of many women who are struggling with extremes of poverty that is heightened by destruction of resources that would have otherwise supported them. As in most nations, women in India are among the poorest demographic, with urbanization pushing women into the workforce at a higher rate of 19.5%, which leaves them in marginalized social positions in low paying jobs.6 The issue of ecological irresponsibility affects these women directly as their tradition and culture is irrevocably changed, the sustainability of the ecology is

Annotated Bibliography Assignments Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Annotated Bibliography Assignments - Essay Example The case of developing countries, megacities and the collective energy emissions from manufacturing plants and individual homes were cited as those that collectively produce air tremendous volume of pollutants that reacts with the atmosphere, resulting in the incidence of the so-called brown clouds (large masses of air pollution) and the depletion of the ozone layer. The investigation emphasized the increase in danger on public health by effectively pointing out that people are assaulted by pollutants coming from both the local and global sources. This paper is quite authoritative since it has been selected as one of the papers presented in the environmental conference, Beijing Forum 2008. The significance of this article rests on how the air pollution have become a global issue, wherein pollution at a specific area can spread, affecting others and spanning borders. Celikler, D. (2011). Determining the knowledge level of pre-service elementary science teachers about air pollution. El sevier: Procedia Social Behavioral Science, vol. 15. pp. 1445-1456. This study by Celikler attempted to determine the level of knowledge of pre-service elementary science teachers on the issue of air pollution. ... It was found that there are significant number of pre-service teachers who displayed ignorance on air pollution and its component-subjects. A very important contribution of this study is how it demonstrated the increasing concern for air pollution that the subject is being integrated in school curricula. The study has provided a basis for corrective action in problematic areas wherein teachers are seen to lack knowledge on air pollution. Celikler himself is a teacher, being a faculty of Ondokus Mayis University himself. He understood the subject from the point of view of an educator and an academic. Jaffal, A.A., Banat, I.M., El Mogheth, A.A., Nsanze, H., Bener, A., and Ameen, A.S. (1997). Residential Indoor Airborne Microbial Populations in the United Arab Emirates. Environmental International, vol. 23, no. 4, pp. 529-533. This article is an investigation of airborne microorganisms in homes in the United Arab Emirates. This study was conducted in the city of Al-Ain and focused on an experiment for the study’s purposes involving three households. The ultimate goal of the entire research is to determine whether the microorganisms found in UAE households have adverse impact on human health. The findings of the study revealed that there are a good number of organisms present in houses but most of these are harmless or have no significant harmful effect on humans. For example, nine groups of bacteria and fungi were identified and that their presence is determined by the level of hygiene of the human inhabitants. One can scarcely criticize the methodology of the research. The researchers, who are medical doctors and respected academics in the field, perused several apparatus that ensured accurate

DB5 Part 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

DB5 Part 1 - Essay Example He connected with the canvas in a form of expression that had not previously been seen before. His work was emotional, the paint on the canvas an infliction of his emotional self, much the same as is achieved by the solo artist, opera soprano singer, a classical pianist, and all the other artists whose art bears the infliction of their emotional commitment and intensity. For the art world, Pollock’s work was the introduction of new and innovative ideas into an environment where abstract had become the norm, and expressionism still in many ways resembled abstract. There was not a distinct enough approach between impressionism and abstract to differentiate it until Pollock’s Convergence. Pollock ushered in what social scientists refer to as â€Å"cultural convergence (Jenkins 2006 viii).† That is when the new and old converge, transitioning to the new cultural direction (Jenkins 2006). Convergence is about bridging the gap between the old and the new, transitioning to the new cultural direction, and building upon the old through new creative styles and expressions across the range of media and mediums (Jenkins 2006).

Human Cloning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Human Cloning - Essay Example 7). Human cloning is a controversial that elicits diverse reactions from all quarters and almost every member of the human race. The issue of cloning has caused much debate since the firs cloning of a live sheep in Scotland in 1997m due to ethics and authority to participate in the events leading to the creation of a new human being from the originally born one. This topic is crucial to the existence of human beings as it may be used to either improve their lives or degrade them. Personal Opinion In my opinion, human cloning is a gift that should be embraced by all of humanity because it has multiple benefits if made use of in appropriate ways. Cloning should be allowed among humans because it can be used to cure or improve certain conditions such as infertility. In reference to this, infertile couples can have children of their own. In addition, cloning, if allowed can be used to repair damaged tissues and organs in the human body. This is through growing new organs, which is called therapeutic cloning; that can then be used for the maintenance of the human body. This is especially so for conditions that requires transplants such as leukemia, liver and kidney failures (Human Genome Project Information, 2009, Para. 15). Cloning can be used to generate new bone marrow that can then be transplanted into the patient and, therefore, healing them of their condition. In addition, it lessens the risk and burden that loved ones have to bear in order to save their lives. This is in the form of surgery that they have to go trough so as to donate their organs for use by others. Not only can human cloning be used in the above named processes, but also in plastic and reconstructive surgeries. Cloning allows for production of body tissues that are compatible with the host, which in turn lessens the risk of tissue rejection (Advancing Science, Serving Society, 2007, Para. 5). For this reason, cloning can be used to treat conditions such as amputated limbs as they may easily b e regenerated. The additional conditions that can benefit from human cloning include defective genes and genetic diseases. This would be beneficial, especially to parents that have genetic disorders. For parents considering conception, they may see a specialist to have the genes eradicated and thus ensure that they do not pass the problems on to their offspring. People Opinions The majority of those who think that human cloning should be allowed share common belief with me that it can be used for the good of human kind, and especially so in regard to health. One opinion that is outstanding is that, due to the preservation of health and even extension of life, scientists could continue to live. As a result, the world would benefit from their great discoveries and inventions. All this would be the result of recreating their minds in a different time and body. For example, if this were to happen to the Wright brothers, they would help greatly in developing space exploration and the avi ation industry at large. Furthermore, others claim that for the purpose of reproducing offspring in cases of couples who cannot conceive, cloning should be legal, but only if the child will not be subjected to tests for his or her entire life. Therefore, it should be perfected before it is used for such events. In spite of all their well-argued reasons for supporting human cloning, some reasons for their support were utterly misconceived and based on fallacies of over imagination. One such thought was that cloning should be allowed in order to counter population problems. The basis of this argument was that; height and weight be regulated in order to fit people into certain special buildings. This beat the entire purpose of cloning as only clones were to be fitted into these â€Å"

Co-Operative Practice and Philosophy of Working Together Essay

Co-Operative Practice and Philosophy of Working Together - Essay Example Co-operative members face the challenge of implementing their strategies effective such that every member contributes effectively to the activities of the group. Most of the times students fail to grasp individual accountability and positive interdependence in the right way results in some members perform most of the task and other just signing off as if they did the work but ultimately claim they took part in the activities. Furthermore, there is the tendency of the emergence of the ‘bossy’ students who is usually think they perform better than others and therefore refuse to allow the contribution of members considered to be poor in academics (Kagan & Kagan, 2009). Eventually, come students will learn nothing from the group. Corporative learning was developed based on the educational rationale that was propagated from socialization needs as opposed to academic needs. This perspective can be disadvantageous to some of the corporative members. Member contribution is seen as a way of achieving a social entitlement and therefore, low achievers are belittled by the higher achievers. Moreover, making the ultimate educational goal as a group affair inhibits individual education (Johnson & Johnson, 2005). Group contingencies are also responsible for development of peer pressure as members try hard to conform to influenced behavior, which can be very detrimental. Peer pressure is highly inherent in groups with many cases of conflicts as members try to achieve consensus by making affiliations with others to suppress the differences.

A Critical Study of Income Patterns After the Event Tourism in Sri Lanka Essay Example for Free

A Critical Study of Income Patterns After the Event Tourism in Sri Lanka Essay Sri Lankan tourism has improved with the end of the civil war in 2009; it has able to bring many tourists from various nationals to Sri Lanka due to improvement of Security and other tourism related infrastructure. Sri Lanka  tourism is focusing on promoting Sri Lankan tourism through many areas that can get competitive advantage from its key competitors. Event tourism considered as the latest addition to the Sri Lankan tourist industry, with the intention of latent to be a key tourist attraction to catch the attention of many tourists by organizing various international and local events develops the tourism in Sri Lanka and to earn substantial foreign exchange and expertise from other countries. During 2008-2010 development of world tourism remained flat due to the worst recession world has gone through after 1930’s.During 2009 world tourism has dropped dramatically by 5.5% and in 2010 growth of tourism remained flat. This slump of tourism did not affect Sri Lanka badly but the phase Sri Lankan civil war was ending (2008-2009) tourist arrivals had dropped considerably. But has able to rebound from the droop during the post war period due to the progress of situation security of the island. Event tourism is an important and rapidly growing segment of international tourism ’’. An article by Getz in 1989 in Tourism Management. Problem Statement According to â€Å"Mahinda Chinthaya† which is governments philosophy on development of Sri lanka, tourism considered as key income generator for SL economy, recently SLB has spend heavily on organizing major international events to attract foreign tourist to Sri Lanka. These events have many merits and failures to identify and through this research author will do a critical study of income patterns after the event tourism in Sri Lanka which is essential further improvement of the Sri Lanka travel industry. So the study is consist of information regarding the revenues and expenses occurred recently concluded Events in Sri Lanka. â€Å"Critical study of income patterns after the event tourism in Sri Lanka which is essential further improvement of the Sri Lanka travel industry.† Problem Justification Income after events conducted in SL gone under public conjecture, identification of income generated thorough sale of goods and services during the time of an event is a vital factor in future event planning. Analyses of the expenses made by private sector and government is important since some of the cost unable to be accounted due to poor accounting policies used by firms. Since that it’s important to identify the income generated by locals as well as foreigners by conducting events in Sri Lanka. All the income generated sponsorships given by the foreign firms for events conducted in SL and the identification of the publicity given by local and foreign media which has given good image about Sri Lanka and future income can be generated from these promotions. Though analyze author critically evaluate the income pattern after event tourism in Sri lanka and areas that critical have a impact on, Event tourism Sri Lanka which has been rarely overlooked by the government of Sri Lanka to develop the countries tourism. Objectives of the Study * Objective of finding key areas that able Sri Lanka should develop to Event tourism. * Evaluating past international events organized by Sri Lanka tourism to promote tourism in Sri Lanka. * To find out the relationship between past events and their revenue generation to gain positive financial out comes to Sri Lanka. * Recommend the areas that Sri Lanka Tourism should widen to gain more financial and to Promote Sri lanka as a major Event tourism destination. * Find out the structure of the Sri Lanka tourism and how to develop to add more pecuniary returns though improvement of its functions. Significance of the Study Scope of the study- research going to be profound and Proportional analysis of the research topic. Population for the research is been events the recently held in Sri Lanka (2009-2011), following constraints also been identify during the process of the research. Sample for research-Data available of the events conducted in Sri Lanka are not well documented and large scale events has the influence of the government. Since some of the cost incurred during the events are not available. Therefore the author has chosen the samples from events that have primary cost of more than 30 million to conduct an event, because hundreds of events done individuals  focusing on Tourists. Below mentioned groups are benefited from this report; Event organizers –Through analysis of this Research help event organizers identify returns and expenses of conducting events. Also it will contribute them development weaknesses which they done in past events and use their strength effectively. Tourism professionals of the industry (promoters) – this able to identify the areas they should develop attract from tourists and to built image on other countries to visit Sri Lanka by using various cost effective and creative incentives attract more visitors to Sri Lanka to attend the future events. Government- This will help government identify the areas that should improve outcomes of the events conducted by various parties to attract tourists, which gives a valuable contribution to the local economy and to make a productive return from their investments. Media-Research will guide local and foreign media carry out widespread promotion events on Sri Lanka and the boost the image of Sri Lanka as a major tourism destination. Fut ure researchers- Research on this topic guide future researchers to an in-depth research in subject matter. Scope of the Study Research will be focused on revenues or the income generated from event organized by Sri Lanka Tourism and it will identify the how the income patterns during the period of 2009-2011.Research contained the events conducted in Sri Lanka focusing only on attracting foreign tourist with assistance of the government. Thorough analysis of the research people related tourism, particularly people who financing the similar events discussed in the research. Chapter 2 – Literature Review Chapter 3 – Research Methodology Independent Variables Dependant Variable Hypothesis|

The Law Code of King Alfred the Great

The Law Code of King Alfred the Great The Law Code of King Alfred the Great The Law Code of King Alfred the Great is the largest and best preserved piece of legal documentation made prior to the Norman conquest of 1066 [1], and the first surviving Anglo-Saxon law code since Ines, nearly two centuries earlier [2], making it an essential document in the study of late Anglo-Saxon law, culture and society. The documents usefulness as a historical source stems not only from its unique existence as a source of law for the Alfredian period, but also from the fact that it was written by Alfred himself; as noted by Wormald, Alfred was the only European king of the Early Middle Ages known to have written books [3], and therefore his Law Codes give historians a unique insight into the political thought of the later Anglo-Saxon kings and the legal system of ninth century England. Alfreds Law Code also reveals much about the character and personality of its author. For example, the fact that Alfred was unique among Early Medieval rulers in his extensive authorship of books and legal documents [4] shows the Kings commitment to learned activity and his understanding of the importance of written record in the efficient and successful running of his kingdom. It is also important to note that Alfreds Law Code was written at a time when no other English king had issued laws for nearly a hundred years [5]. The reasons for this sudden return to the issuing of written law are not expressly stated by Alfred, either in the Preface or Codes themselves, however it can be argued that by issuing his Law Code at such a time, Alfred was showing a genuine concern for the wellbeing of his people, in ensuring fairness and equality for all before the law. Study of Alfreds Law Code also reveals the author to be a pragmatist in his dealing with the law. For example, while it is clear Alfred would rather prevent the custom of blood feuds, he realises that the Anglo-Saxon world is one of violence, and the feud is a necessary, albeit distasteful, part of this. Therefore Alfred does not seek to make blood feuds illegal but instead to regulate them so as to minimise violence and bloodshed.[6] This practical approach to law-making is also shown in Alfreds preface to his Laws, where he states that a man has no need of law books if he judges fairly and equally [7]. However the fact that Alfred is writing this in his Law Code shows that although in an ideal world such a code would not be needed, he accepts that men are only human and many will require guidance as to what is right and wrong. The Law Code of King Alfred the Great is the largest and best preserved piece of legal documentation made prior to the Norman conquest of 1066 [1], and the first surviving Anglo-Saxon law code since Ines, nearly two centuries earlier [2], making it an essential document in the study of late Anglo-Saxon law, culture and society.justice. [9] This theory is also supported by Alfreds own introduction to his translation of Pope Gregorys Pastoral Care, in which he speaks of his respect for the Anglo-Saxon kings of the Golden Age of the 7th Century who not only maintained their peace, morality and authority at home but also extended their territory outside [10]. This suggests that Alfreds intentions in writing his Law Code were born out of a desire to return to a time when, in his eyes, things were better. However Alfreds use of the phrase extended their territory outside [11], should also be noted, as it implies other intentions than those immediately obvious from the accounts of Asser and others, including Alfred himself. Therefore, while Alfred may have been motivated to write his Laws for the good of his people, it is important to remember that the King had other reasons for writing his Code and the laws serve other purposes other than the direct administration of justice. One such unofficial reason for Alfreds writing of his Law Code, it can be argued, was to assert his royal power and ensure the loyalty of his subjects in a legal document that could not be disputed [12], thereby safeguarding his own position and consolidating his hold over the kingdom. This intentional inclusion of laws designed to ensure loyalty from Alfreds subjects can be seen in the wording of the Law Codes themselves, where treason is portrayed as the most unholy and unforgivable of sins only for treachery to a lord they dared not declare any mercyhe [Christ] charged everyone to love his lord as himself [13]. The reference to Christ in this quote shows the severity of the crimes of treason and treachery, as even the mercy of Christ is not afforded to those who commit these sins. The theory that Alfreds Laws were intended to secure his own position, is given weight by the underlying threat of rebellion that was present for much of Alfreds reign, especially in the case of Aethelwo ld, rival to the throne and the son of Alfreds predecessor, who led a rebellion in 899[14], which could have been a direct influence upon the emphasis placed on loyalty to the king and lords found in Alfreds Code. The underlying political agenda of Alfreds Laws is also an important aspect of the text. It is argued by Wormald that Alfreds respectful mentions of the laws of Offa and Aethelbert (previous kings of Mercia and Kent respectively) in his preface to his own laws, and his statement that he is influenced by them in his own law making, is an attempt to remind Mercians and Kentishmen of his concern for their traditions'[15]. This pandering to the traditions of the other English kingdoms suggests that Alfred was subtly attempting to enhance his own power over the rest of England outside of Wessex, ultimately leading to him being accepted as Anglo Rex, the title eventually bestowed upon his successors. However as Pratt reminds us, the fact that Alfreds Law Code contains a political agenda need not make it irrelevant as a source of honest legal intentions [16]. Pratts theory is supported by the inclusion in Alfreds Law Code the laws of one of his predecessors, Ine, whose laws deal primarily w ith theft, trading and agricultural matters. [17] In contrast to this Alfreds laws deal mostly with the breaking of oaths, injuries and sexual offences  [18], and so Alfred can be seen to be filling in the blanks in Ines original laws, therefore honestly trying to better the current legal system. Religious imagery and language features very heavily in Alfreds Law Codes and there are several arguments as to why this is. Wallace-Hadrill argues that the main reason for the sustained religious imagery in the Law Codes is due to the medieval perception that kingship was a divine right and Alfreds use of religious imagery is another attempt to assert his authority and show his right to the throne, thus making any sin committed against him a sin against God. [19] Similarly it is argued that the use of religious imagery by Alfred is due to the lack of an effective way of enforcing the law in Alfreds kingdom and an authority greater than the king or any earthly lord was needed to ensure social order [20]. However it can also be argued that the sustained religious imagery in the Law Codes is nothing more than the product of a deeply Christian society, where the natural law of God forms the basis for all perceptions of right and wrong, therefore it is only natural that religion features extensively in a book of law. In conclusion Alfreds law code is a synthesis of the laws of several other Anglo-Saxon kings [21], along with his own work, created with the intention of codifying and clarifying existing laws, exerting royal authority and promoting the King as leader not only of Wessex but of the English people. Bibliography R. Abels, Alfred the Great: War, Kingship and Culture in Anglo Saxon England (Essex, 1998) J. R. C. Hall, A Concise Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (London, 4th ed. 1960) S. Keynes and M. Lapidge, trans. Alfred the Great: Assers Life of Alfred and Other Contemporary Sources (London, 1983) D. Pratt, The Political Thought of King Alfred the Great, (Cambridge, 2007) S. Reynolds, Medieval Law, in P. Linehan and J. Nelson (eds), The Medieval World (Oxon, 2001) A. P. Smyth, King Alfred the Great (Oxford, 1995) E. G. Stanley, On the Laws of King Alfred: The End of the Preface and the Beginning of the Laws, in J. Roberts, J. Nelson, M. Godden (eds), Alfred the Wise (Cambridge, 1997) M. H. Turk (ed.), The Legal Code of Alfred the Great (Boston, 1883) J. M. Wallace-Hadrill, Early Germanic Kingship in England and on the Continent (London, 1971) D. Whitelock, English Historical Documents Vol. 1 (London, 1955) P. Wormald, The Ninth Century, in J. Campbell (ed.), The Anglo Saxons (London, 1991) P. Wormald, The Making of English Law: King Alfred to the Twelfth Century, Vol. 1: Legislation and its Limits. (Oxford, 1999) [1] P. Wormald, The Making of English Law: King Alfred to the Twelfth Century, Vol. 1: Legislation and its Limits. (Oxford, 1999), p. 265 [2] P. Wormald, The Ninth Century, in J. Campbell (ed.), The Anglo Saxons (London, 1991), p.134 [3] Ibid., p. 135 [4] Ibid. [5] J.M. Wallace-Hadrill, Early Germanic Kingship in England and on the Continent (London, 1971), p. 148 [6] R. Abels, Alfred the Great: War, Kingship and Culture in Anglo Saxon England (Essex, 1998), p.276 [7] D. Whitelock, English Historical Documents Vol. 1 (London, 1955), p.373 [8] S. Keynes and M. Lapidge, trans, Alfred the Great: Assers Life of King Alfred and Other Contemporary Sources (London, 1983), p.45 [9] Whitelock, English Historical Documents, p.331 [10] Keynes and Lapidge, Assers Life of King Alfred p. 25 [11] Ibid. [12] Ibid. p.39 [13] Whitelock, English Historical Documents, p. 373 [14] Wormald, The Ninth Century p. 155 [15] Ibid. p.157 [16] D. Pratt, The Political Thought of King Alfred the Great, (Cambridge, 2007), p. 217 [17] Ibid. p. 220 [18] Ibid [19] Wallace-Hadrill, Early Germanic Kingship p.144 [20] Abels, War, Kingship and Culture p. 277 [21] A. P. Smyth, King Alfred the Great (Oxford, 1995), p. 238

Camera Cell Phone Technology Save Lives :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

Camera Cell Phones Save Lives My first year of college was approaching rapidly, and I was still trying to get my supplies gathered together. Most of my items I had already stockpiled, such as bedding, a computer and a fridge. One item missing on my list was a cell phone. My parents had insisted that I purchased one when I got my driver's license, but I never seemed to find the time to get one. Being a teenage girl in this day of age, my parents thought I should always have a way to get help in emergency situations. I did not disagree with them or the majority of parents who had the same idea, but I had my own opinions about owning a cell phone. I was never the type of person to be responsible for my belongings, but I figured that since I was heading to college, a cell phone would be a good start towards my path to becoming a responsible adult. Owning a cell phone would force me to pay my own phone bill, which I dreaded, and keep track of my call minutes and phone. I figured it could not be too hard due to the fact that all my friends purchased their cell phones when they entered freshmen year of high school. I never imagined buying a cell phone would be such a hard task. When I entered the brightly colored PHONZ PLUS store, my eyes filled with the sight of an enormous variety of cell phones. I wanted to walk out of the store right then, but the stern look on my mother's face directed me toward the sales representatives. After going through all the cell phones and the call plans, I finally decided on the verizon camera phone. At first, I was a little unsure about buying such a high-tech phone, but it ended up being the cheapest option with the most benefits. I could take pictures, send pictures via email, have access to the internet, text message, and speed dial. This particular phone was recommended for a kid of my age because there was a special button that could automatically connect me to the police in case of an emergency. Whether it be text messaging, sending a picture, or calling the police; they were always at reach at the touch of a button. This made my mom be hooked right away. I was amazed that a two-inch by two-inch phone could complete so many tasks.

The Values, Ideals, and Actions of Fanny Fern Essay -- Fanny Fern

The Values, Ideals, and Actions of Fanny Fern   Ã‚  Ã‚   Literature from the 1820à ¢s to the 1860à ¢s brought attention to the expanse of the American experience and gave rise to many unique voices. Some of the best writers of this era challenged their fellow citizens to live up to the ideals that the founding fathers had written into America's sacred documents. The voices that cast these challenges are as varied and wide spread in their approach as this nation's natural boundaries are diverse. Fanny Fern (1811-1872), was one of the writers who made a big splash with her fearless unconventionality during this literary renaissance. Her masterful use of satire and her belief that the ideal of individualism should include women, gained her enormous popularity and doomed her chances of being included in the American literary canon for over a century.    Fanny Fernà ¢s real name was Sarah Payson Willis Parton, but she used the pseudonym in all her legal affairs and with members of her family. Similar to Mark Twain in the sense that the pen names became more closely associated with the writers than their real names, Fern, like Twain, wrote satirical essays, sketches, and novels about the shortcomings of American society. For twenty-one years Fern reminded people that America needed to work on it problems with literature, education, prisons, prostitution, venereal disease, family planning, divorce, education, child rearing, and rights for women. Her unflinching, yet female perspective gained her enormous popularity. Although Fern did not completely abandon traditional womenà ¢s topics like love, marriage, and children, the most far-reaching issues that she addressed were economic independence for women and the need for improvements in dome... ...cked to comprehend and remember the attack, and to see a direction they may take for correction (Harris 15)." Fern gave us the ironic contrast between American citizensà ¢ values, ideals and actions.       Works Cited Emerson, Ralph Waldo. "Self Reliance." The Heath Anthology of American Literature. Ed. Paul Lauter Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1998. 1622-1638. Fern, Fanny. Ruth Hall & Other Writings. Ed. Joyce W. Warren. New Brunswick: Rutgers UP, 1986. Harris, Robert. "The Purpose and Method of Satire." VirtualSalt 20 Aug. 1990. 13 April 2001. <http://www.virtualSalt.com/satire.htm> Warren, Joyce W. Fanny Fern: An Independent Woman. New Brunswick: Rutgers UP, 1992. White, Barbara A. "Fanny Fern (Sara Willis Parton) 1811-1872." The Heath Anthology of American Literature. Ed. Paul Lauter Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1998. 2037-2038.

Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave: The Ev

Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave: A Perspective on the Evils of Slavery The institution of slavery defies the very nature of humanity, truth, and intellect from both the slave and the slave owner. Throughout the "Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave; the terrible relationship between ignorance and suppression is seen time and time again with every one of his owners. Douglass is fortunate in discovering the liberating power of knowledge of which his owners are trying so diligently to conceal. With this discovery comes a "new conception" of just how evil the institution of slavery is, causing Douglass to consider the pursuit of this powerful tool. To further complicate his battle against ignorance, Douglass's pathway to enlightenment and ultimately freedom leads him to discover the many other cruel methods that his suppressors use to break the essential and most important component of humanity, the soul. The practice of turning people into slaves can almost be looked at as evil science that begins its manipulations on what humans are most familiar with from the start, physical suffering. Douglass speaks of this early on and makes known that it is an ever-present tool used by his suppressors. Douglass was lucky not to be whipped very often by his early masters, but mentions that he, like many other young lave children, always suffered from the "hunger and cold" (Lauter 1773). Especially during his early years on Colonel Lloyd's plantation, his narration recalls many accounts of whipping, killing, and torture that he observed and heard of on the plantation. Sadly, he begins to notice and even accept common traits possessed by his overseers. For example, one of... ...rkness" (Lauter 1777). Interestingly, it is the innocent minds of children who are not totally corrupted by these ways of thinking yet, that help Douglass continue his goal to read. The heartless act and "irresponsible power" of holding a slave is an evil practice that contradicts the natural good of a human soul. This Narrative gives one a new perspective on the evils of slavery and the terrible way it affects every one who is involved. The ignorance and physical abuse of the slave is the essential means by which this practice survived for too long. Douglass gives us proof of this in his experiences he endured in overcoming these obstacles and makes us aware of the power that knowledge holds, of both freedom and slavery. Bibliography Lauter, Paul. The Heath Anthology of American Literature Ed III., Vol I, 1998 Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston.

The European Union Sets Guaranteed Prices to Farmers

The European Union sets guaranteed prices to farmers for agricultural products. This is in order to encourage production. Show how this can happen with a supply and demand diagram. The provision of food is extremely significant for the human well-being so agricultural markets have always been treated in a different way by governments. There are various factors on which the success of farmers depends. It is not a simple production that needs a certain amount of resources to manufacture a certain amount of products which will bring expected profits.Variable determinants of the agricultural market like the weather or natural disasters create a situation in which in order to maintain a particular amount of food available on the market, governments encourage farmers to produce more. They tend to do it in a similar way, often, by providing them with subsidies and setting guaranteed prices of the products. Pic. 1. This diagram shows us the correlation between the supply and demand curves in the farming sector. Both of them are quite inelastic, because of a constant need for agricultural products and their regular provision.We can see that the excess of supply is cause by the encouraging policy of the EU, increasing the competition among the farmers. This leads to a greater supply which is often far above the real demand. The difficult matter to solve for authorities is setting the actual minimum price, because the consumers would obviously prefer a lower price than the farmers. This leads to many misunderstandings and mistakes in the chain of supporting the agricultural production. The European Union decided to create a whole system of subsidies for the farmers.However, to maintain the food safety within its borders, the EU established guaranteed prices for products. This particular system of intervention is called the Common Agricultural Policy, The CAP. The farming sector is protected and purposefully kept stable. The most important aim of CAP is to sustain regular supplies from the farming branch. Bad weather conditions or natural disasters usually harm the harvest and decrease the amount of agricultural products. To maintain a particular amount of food available on the market, he EU decided to encourage farmers to grow more crops, developing the competition among them, but what is even more important, increasing the number of suppliers. This means that generally more products are available, even in extreme situations. Guaranteed prices also allow to keep farmers’ income during good harvest when prices would be driven down and protect consumers form incredibly high prices during a bad harvest. Moreover, more farmers are assured that they do not really risk their expected income and they develop their methods of growing.Provided with generous subsidies, they can invest more capital to increase their long term profit. Such a situation results as a higher productivity and efficiency of the farming sector. On the other hand, extended usage of lands is a cause of ruining the environment. Overdeveloped sense of competition among the suppliers leads to more crops being grown, and more lands being used. Most farmers easily avoid an environmental laws and limitations which are not really executed. Regular polluting waters and grounds with overdosing insecticides result as a natural catastrophe and are not survivable for the local fauna and flora.Furthermore, such actions undertaken by the EU led to overproduction. Because of an extremely high number of suppliers, the market was overwhelmed with products. As a result, governments were forced to sell the excess onto the world market and by doing it, they harmed farmers form countries that do not provide such support. Most of them, developing countries, whose economy is based on the farming sector, were instantly defeated on the market, finding it impossible to compete with such a system, because the prices offered by Europeans were too low for them to sustain their regular income.To sum up, guaranteed prices strongly support farmers in the European Union, maintaining the provision of food at a sufficient level. However, over-usage of such a way to encourage them to be more efficient and competitive, leads to problems like environment pollution and threatening developing countries. Moreover, in long term such actions harm the interest of consumers, who cannot benefit from any changes on the agricultural market and even expect lower prices from massive suppliers.

Management Model of Port

Model84 MODULE 3 Strengths and Weaknesses of Port Management Models Public Service Port Strength: †¢ Superstructure development and cargo handling operations are the responsibility of the same organization (unity of command). Weaknesses: †¢ There is no role or only a limited role for the private sector in cargo handling operations. †¢ There is less problem solving capability and flexibility in case of labour problems, since the port administration also is the major employer of port labour. †¢ There is lack of internal competition, leading to inefficiency. †¢ Wasteful use of resources and underinvestment s a result of government interference and dependence on government budget. †¢ Operations are not user or market oriented. †¢ Lack of innovation. †¢ No or limited access to public funds for basic infrastructure. Tool Port Strength: †¢ Investments in port infrastructure and equipment (particularly ship/shore equipment) are decided and provide d by the public sector, thus avoiding duplication of facilities. Weaknesses: †¢ The port administration and private enterprise jointly share the cargo handling services (split operation), leading to conflicting situations. Private operators do not own major equipment, therefore they tend to function as labour pools and do not develop into firms with strong balance sheets. This causes instability and limits future expansion of their companies. †¢ Risk of underinvestment. †¢ Lack of innovation. Landlord Port Strengths: †¢ A single entity (the private sector) executes cargo handling operations and owns and operates cargo handling equipment. The terminal operators are more loyal to the port and more likely to make needed investments as a consequence of their long-term contracts. Private terminal handling companies generally are better able to cope with market requirements. Weakness: †¢ Risk of overcapacity as a result of pressure from various private operators. †¢ Risk of misjudging the proper timing of capacity additions. Fully Privatized Port Strengths: †¢ Maximum flexibility with respect to investments and port operations. †¢ No direct government interference. †¢ Ownership of port land enables market-oriented port development and tariff policies. †¢ In case of redevelopment, private operator probably realizes a high price for the sale of port land. The often strategic location of port land may enable the private operator to broaden its scope of activities. Weaknesses: †¢ Government may need to create a port regulator to control monopolistic behavior. †¢ The government (national, regional, or local) loses its ability to execute a long-term economic development policy with respect to the port business. †¢ In case the necessity arises to redevelop the port area, government has to spend considerable amounts of money to buy back the port land. †¢ There is a serious risk of speculation with port la nd by private owners. Source: A. Baird and P. Kent (2001).

Critically review the situation at RestaurantCo Essay

This essay analyses the case of RestaurantCo, a large non-unionised restaurant company with over 300 branches across the UK, and more than 7000 employed staff members (Suter & Marchington 2011). According to Brad and Gold (2012, p.401) the term non-unionised is a ‘workplace, where managers have flexibility in designing work, selecting, promotion and training people, and determining rewards and other human resources (HR) practices.’ As briefly defined managers carry out many duties and responsibilities for the business. In order to have a better understanding of the role of line managers and employee relations at RestaurantCo it would be necessary to explore and outline the strengths and weaknesses of the company. To be more specific, this essay will explore and outline the main strengths and weaknesses in the working style of branch managers and the structural centralisation within the organisation, the formal and informal employee involvement and participation (EIP) practices, the working relationships between front line managers and employees, and the competitive effectiveness of the organisational HRM system and capability framework for branch managers. This case study of RestaurantCo focuses on the organisational problems that stems from the centralisation of corporate decision making and monitoring. The company regarded itself as a high quality restaurant business with a strong focus on positive employee relations thus reflected in their history of informal employment relations approach (Suter & Marchington 2011). However, since the change in ownership the company had to implement new business strategies and HR practices as well as make further enhancements to the restaurant environment. For instance, the changes in the restaurant environment included refurbishments, expanded food and drinks menus, and cost savings by integrating the supply chain with other  restaurants owned by the group (Suter & Marchington 2011). Consequently, some of these changes were seen as quite extensive and problematic for restaurant managers. For instance, some of these organisational changes were somewhat inefficient and costly in terms of deliveries and that mistakes were frequently made in the order and supply of ingredients (Suter & Marchington 2011). Managers were no longer able to order directly from suppliers but instead were instructed to direct their orders through the supply chain department, whose understanding of the needs of individual branches were seen as limited (Suter & Marchington 2011). There were also additional changes in improving customer service such as the introduction to the ‘Mystery Customer’ initiative (Suter & Marchington 2011, p.213). This program initiative was seen as a form of corporate centralised monitoring and control of service, which somewhat contradicts the supposed given autonomy to branch managers. This demonstrates senior management distrust in its branch managers’ abilities to meet or fulfil their duties and responsibilities. This form of control violates the ‘psychological contract’ between the branch managers and employers which is also known as a ‘two-way exchanged of perceived promises and obligations between employees and their employer’ (Bratton & Gold, 2012, p. 12). In this case, senior management had infringed on the trust between its branch managers by having a ‘centralised monitoring system’ in placed to gather customer information and business performance, thus in turn viol ating their psychological contract (Suter & Marchington 2011). Consequently, creating a negative ‘low-trust and low-commitment’ relationship compared to a ‘high-trust and high-commitment’ participatory relationship between senior management and branch managers (Bratton & Gold, 2012, p. 160). Nevertheless, control is seen as somewhat necessary by senior management, but ‘too much control might be counterproductive’ (Dant & Nasr, 1998, p. 7). Hence, ‘excessive levels of control’ should be carefully considered as it will ‘impact on business performance levels’ (Dant & Nasr, 1998, p. 7). As stated in Dant and Nasr (1998, p.7) tight control is generally not perceived well by managers who are driven by a strong desire for ‘independence and autonomy’, they may withheld ‘authentic and helpful information’ from senior management or employers in order to preserve some indirect form of control as they might believe that their input would not be valued or validated. In this particular case, tight control would lead to less cooperation between branch managers and senior management. Furthermore, feedback from mystery customers to senior management may not be as useful or informative compared to the managers’ vast degree of knowledge and experience regarding its local business restaurant market environment and business performance levels. Rather than just rewarding ‘performance related bonus’ to managers who receive an overall satisfactory rating from mystery customers there should also be incentives or reward schemes in placed for managers who actually provide ‘authentic and helpful information’ to senior management (Michael, 2002, p. 329). This sort of privileged information could further enhance the organisation’s productivity and performance. For instance, the organisation would have a greater competitive advantage through new strategic opportunities and awareness of new threats as mentioned by its’ branch managers (Michael, 2002, p. 329). This ‘upward’ flow of information decentralises the tight monitoring and control of senior management but more importantly strengthens the communication, commitment, trust and employee relations between senior management and its branch managers through reciprocal cooperation and reward schemes (Michael, 2002, p. 329). It is crucial in service industries that branch managers be given more autonomy to make operational decisions as their understanding of the business environment surrounding their individual branches is relatively more extensive compare to senior management and management support, who have limited understanding of the business environment. This process is referred to as ‘decentralisation’ (Dant & Nasr, 1998). According to Suter and Marchington (2011), each restaurant establishment was usually run by a branch manager and two assistants. The role of supervisory responsibilities was shared between the branch manager and assistant manager due to the long operating hours and the shift system, hence, the manager on duty would take on the role of supervising employees (Suter & Marchington 2011). The manager on duty dealt primarily with problems and issues in regards to employees, and that wider issues were assigned to the branch manager. The branch managers in addition carried out a number of HR functions such as employment appraisals, pay reviews, and personal development plans (Suter & Marchington 2011). These branch managers had described their work as being more intensified and that the HR policies had become more sophisticated and  formalised (Suter & Marchington 2011). Branch managers were supposedly allowed a fair degree of autonomy in how they could manage the restaurant. A key element of the capability framework enabled branch managers to take charge of their own delivery and performance. However, managers experienced great difficulty in making operational decisions regarding their restaurant. Some of the reasons were due to the fact that the management support team were not always readily available to branch managers but also that company-wide operational decisions were being implemented at branch levels, in turn conflicting with branch managers’ operational decisions (Suter & Marchington 2011). Branch managers should be provided with support throughout the restaurant operational hours from the management support office except, the restaurant support team operates on a 9-5 office-based workplace arrangement (Suter & Marchington 2011). This would lead to significant problems when the restaurant requires assistance after the support office ends operation, therefore causing an inconvenience when decision and support is needed. It might also affect the organisation’s reputation if issues are not promptly resolved. Without proper support and facilitation from the support management team, branch managers are unable to perform their role efficiently. Under the influence of senior management, branch managers were pressured into implementing formal relationship practices with their employees (Suter & Marchington 2011). However, one of the core components of a psychological contract is ‘workplace communication’ which will generally help to minimize the ‘false consensus effect,’ meaning that people assume that they share the same perceptions (Bratton & Gold, 2012, p. 433). For instance, branch managers perceived the restaurant and its employment relations as informal whereas head office had expressed the need for more professional management and more importantly had over-rated the formality of policy implementation at branch level (Suter & Marchington 2011). Notably, communication is a significant component of a psychological contrast as it is quite evident that branch managers and senior management had conflicting views on how the restaurant business needed to be operated. Alternatively, It would be beneficial for senior management and branch managers to effectively communicate their views across to one another in order to minimize the ‘false consensus effect’ (Bratton & Gold, 2012, p. 433). Again, to ensure that this can actually happen, senior management  would need to be more readily available to branch managers and vice versa in order to strengthen the psychological contract between them. According to the branch managers the organisational change brought about more job responsibilities, intensified workload and more expectations from senior management (Suter & Marchington 2011). Whilst handling their ‘supervisory responsibilities’, the day–to-day HR functions and operational responsibilities such as ordering and control of stock/supplies, forecasting labour budgets and marketing initiatives were devolved into the roles of branch managers (Suter & Marchington 2011). This devolvement of HR functions into the role of branch managers goes beyond the parameters of what is required of branch managers. Despite this, senior management have not provided their branch manager with further additional training in their new responsibilities and duties neither has it been outlined in their legal binding contract. Even though the assistant managers and branch managers shared the same responsibilities of supervising the employees, employees still reported directly to the branch managers (Suter & Marchington 2011). Instead of sharing this supervisory responsibility of employees, it would be more efficient and productive to delegate this responsibility to the assistant manager so that branch managers can focus more on the operational responsibilities and HR functions. Another obstacle branch managers had identified was their inability to make operational decisions regarding the day-to-day running of the branch due to the lack of coordination or collaboration in the senior management company-wide operational decision-making process (Suter & Marchington 2011). This in effect reinforces senior management distrust in its branch managers’ ability to fulfil their role and therefore, causing resentment and animosity towards senior management from its branch managers. According to Dant and Gundlach (1998, p.37) ‘excessive controls aimed at monitoring’ employees can be costly as it can generate ‘motivational and morale problems’ among employees. It is important from a management perspective to ‘balance the forces of dependence and autonomy’ within the business in order to maintain ‘the long run viability’ of the business organisation (Dant & Gundlach, 1998, p. 37). In terms of achieving overall effectiveness senior management need to contribute to a more productive relationship between branch managers and employees in their organisation. Another important aspect to consider is  that the company and branch units have ‘contrasting economic and managerial characteristics’ (Bradach, 1997, p. 276) whereby, the senior management of the company must meet two key management challenges: ‘maintaining uniformity and system-wide adaptability’ (Bradach, 1997, p. 277). With reference to RestaurantCo, units in a chain share a common identity by operating under the RestaurantCo trademark (Bradach, 1997, p. 277). There are five underlying categories of uniformity in an organisation and they are, ‘the line manager, organisational systems, learning culture, role and responsibility and HR department and professionalism’ (Harrison, 2011, p. 921). In order to ‘preserve the integrity and value’, the company must enforce uniformity across these five underlying categories through bureaucratic control and standardisation (Bradach, 1997, p. 277). Furthermore, in order to ensure the sustainability of the company, it must be able to adapt to the ‘opportunities and threats’ (Bradach, 1997, p. 282). In addition, senior managers must identify and implement system-wide adaptation processes and practices that will fit to some extent across all of the individual branches, except the main challenge of this is to ensure that all the branches move in the same direction. The ‘plural form’ model of management proposed by Bradach (1997) can be used to effectively a ddress the uniformity and system-wide adaptability problems. The ‘plural form’ consists of four processes which are as followed: ‘modelling process, ratcheting process, socialisation process and mutual learning process’ (Bradach, 1997, p. 283). Through these processes the company can pursue greater uniformity and improve system-wide adaptation across the restaurant chains (Bradach, 1997, p. 283). The modelling process is focused on the structural element of the management by increasing the use of common practices across the organisation and the restaurant chains (Bradach, 1997, p. 283). The ratcheting process is part of the control system of management which enables both branch managers and senior managers to influence each other as well as increase the level of uniformity and performance of the chain overall (Bradach, 1997, p. 283). The socialisation process reflects the career path aspect of management, which essentially helps to create a shared understanding of what is required to operate a restaurant, thus will increase the uniformity across the chain (Bradach, 1997, p. 283). Lastly, the mutual learning process is also referred to as the strategy making  process, which focuses on improving the system-wide adaptability by providing ‘performance data and demonstrating new ideas to help persuade branch managers to adopt the proposed system-wide adaptations’ (Bradach, 1997, p. 283). Overall the ‘plural form’ is used to overcome some of the control problems associated with managing restaurant branches and maintaining uniformity across the chain (Bradach, 1997). Another important key issue highlighted from this case study is how formal and informal employee involvement and participation (EIP) practices are implemented by management. According to the RestaurantCo capability framework which consisted of eight capabilities, four related specifically to informal EIP (Suter & Marchington 2011). EIP is influenced or shaped by four dimensional factors which are, the two type of ‘forms of EIP’ (formal and informal EIP), ‘degree of involvement of the employees’ (ranged from very little to a considerable amount), ‘different levels of EIP within the organisation’ (head office to branch level) and ‘scope of subject matter’ (long term plans that are central to the organisation and short term issues regarding the restaurant) (Marchington & Kynighou, 2012, p. 3338). RestaurantCo depend heavily on their employees’ interaction with customers, for this reason it is noticeably best to implement informa l EIP because their engagement with customers is instrumental to the organisational performance levels and profitability. By using informal EIP branch managers are able to gain employees’ affective commitment to the organisation (Rodrigues, 1994). Although, branch managers must take into consideration the contextual circumstances in relation to the restaurant and the four contingencies outlined above to assist in determining the appropriate EIP to implement for their given work situation (Rodrigues, 1994). More specifically, formal EIP was utilised in the larger and busier restaurant branches as branch managers had less time to involve employees informally and formal EIP was the most effective way of bringing staff members up to date with important information and news (Suter & Marchington 2011). On the other hand, informal EIP was utilised or practised more predominately in the smaller branch restaurants (Suter & Marchington 2011). However, effective co-existence of formal and informal EIP is essential for the organisation’s long term sustainability (Denton, 1994). Informality at RestaurantCo is an effective instrument of recognising and managing employee voice (Denton, 1994). The  role of informality is to give employees an open channel for informal communications with managers, so that they can address their concerns and to give informative feedback on work related issues (Beattie, 2006). The constant changeability and flexibility of the workplace environment, illustrates the need for informal day-to-day communications in comparison to official formalised meetings with employees, which can be more costly and time consuming. Above all, the flexibility and diversity of organisational arrangements in the service industry reinforces the need for the implementation of informal EIP practices (Beattie, 2006). In summary, the RestaurantCo case study illustrated some important strengths and weaknesses in the HR management practices and organisational frameworks. Overall, several weaknesses were identified such as the need for informal relations between line managers and employees, the importance of decentralisation to enable cooperation and collaboration between branch managers and senior management through the ‘plural form’ model. Furthermore, it was exemplified that there should be a co-existence and implementation of both formal and informal EIP in the workplace. Evidently, business performance levels can be improved by balancing the dependency and autonomy of branch managers, so that they can efficiently perform to their capabilities. In conclusion, this essay highlighted some positive and negative issues regarding operational responsibilities of senior management and branch managers. References Beattie, RS 2006, ‘Line Managers and Workplace Learning: Learning from the voluntary sector’,Human Resource Developmental International, vol.9, no.1, pp. 99-119, viewed 2 Setptember 2013, Ebsco database. Bradach, JL 1997, ‘Using the plural form in the management of restaurant chains’, Administrativ.e Science Quarterly, vol.42, no.2, pp. 276-303 viewed 2 September 2013, Ebsco database. Bratton, J & Gold, J 2012 Human Resource Management: theory and practice, 5th edn, Palgrave Macmillan, London. Dant, RP & Gundlach, GT 1998, ‘Dependence in Franchised Channels of Distribution’, Journal of Business Venturing, Vol. 14, pp. 35-67 viewed on 2 September 2013, Ebsco database. Dant, RP & Nasr, NI 1998, ‘Control techniques and upward flow of information in franchising in distant  markets:conceptualisation and preliminary evidence’, Journal of Business Venturing, Vol.13, pp. 3-28 viewed on 2 September 2013, Ebsco database. Denton, DK 1994, â €˜Empowerment through Employee Involvement and Participation: Ford’s Development and Training Programs’, Empowerment in Organisations: An International Journal,vol. , no.2, pp. 22-28 viewed on 2 September 2013, Ebsco database. Harrison, P 2011, ‘Perspective on Practice: Learning culture, line managers and HR professional practice’,Journal of European Indutrial Training ,vol. 35, no.9, pp. 914-928 viewed on 2 September 2013, Ebsco database. Marchington, M & Kynighou, A 2012, ‘The dynamics of employee involvement and participation during turbulent times’, The International Journal of Human Resource Management, vol.23, no.16, pp. 3336-3354 viewed on 2 September 2013, Ebsco database. Michael, S C 2002, ‘Can a franchise chain coordinate?’, Journal of Business Venturing, Vol.17, pp. 325-341 viewed on 2 September 2013, Ebsco database. Rodrigues, CA 1994, ‘Employee Participation and Empowerment Programs: Problems of definition an d implementation’,Empowerment in Organisations,vol. 2, no.2, pp. 29-40 viewed on 2 September 2013, Ebsco database. Suter, J & Marchington, M 2011, ‘The role of line managers and employee voice in the restaurant industry’, in T Dundon and A Wilkinson (eds), Case studies in global management: Strategy, innovation and people management, Tilde Press, pp. 212-220

The Influence of Globalization on Movies

The Influence of Globalization on movies Nowadays, movies, which are the most important entertainment of people, has spent much more money and time than before by a growing number of people. Different kinds of new movies play nearly everyday; and the way to watch a movie isn’t confined to the cinema. Along with the improvement of digital postproduction and digital effect is applied to the movies, they make people to be personally on the scene when you watch a movie. In the past twenty years, the changes of the ways to watch a movie and the movie technology have already influenced entertainment for people deeply. As we know, globalization on movies and films’ changes in the past twenty years had an effect on people’s daily life, so it was the reason for choosing this topic. We worked out six questionnaires about the project after deciding on the topic. We had 3 yes/no questions, for instance, do you like watching movies, how many movies do you watch per month and traditional movies are more valuable than commercial movies. In addition, we had a multiple choice in our survey, it is â€Å"Which kind of films do you like†. Besides these, two open questions were chosen, one is â€Å"What aspects of movie do you think have changed? †, another is â€Å"Which ways do you often watch movies? †. Our group planned to ask 12 people to answer the questions when we were finishing the questionnaires, so each group’s member needed to ask 3 people about the questions. Only my roommates were asked, and all questions were answered by a pencil. These men who were asked to answer the questions because of convenience; I could take up too much of their time to explain the project, the topic and the detail of the questions, too. The result was collected together when we finished asking the questions. The outcome of our survey is that all the interviewees like to watch movies. However, half of them watch movies less than 5 per month, nearly half of the interviewees watch 6 to 10 movies per month . Only one interviewee watches movies more than 20 per month. Disaster film and comedy film are the most popular movies among the interviewees, many people watch science fiction film and cartoon film as well. Fewer interviewees like watching crime film. A majority of people consider that movies’ theme need to change most because they want to watch a variety of movies. Meanwhile, the way to watch a movie is infinite variety, such as internet, at home by a DVD, cinema and web TV phone. Most interviewees also believe that traditional movies are more valuable than commercial movies. It can be seen from the survey’s figures that the ways to watch a movie and the movie technology have changed most in the past twenty years. Over the past days, only cinema was supplied for people who wanted to watch a movie. But now, more and more people watch movies at home through Family Cinema and computer because they make people comfortably. People can sit on the sofa even or lie in bed to watch a movie, and they are able to have some food and drink at the same time. However, in my opinion, movies’ changes which affect entertainment of people most is movie technology, particularly is computer digital special effects’ appearance. Digital special effect is not only a supplement for film editing, it have already penetrated into every aspect of movies, such as screenplay, scene, stage-ties and postproduction. The directors’ imagination is also at liberty to gallop on through the digital special effect. It makes people to be personally on the scene and shock each audience’s ghost. There is no doubt that people’s daily life is closed related to movies, and they play a very significant role in people’s entertainment life. Movies’ changes have never terminated in the past twenty years, and film industry has undergone enormous changes.

Interpersonal Relationship Analysis Assignment Research Paper

Interpersonal Relationship Analysis Assignment - Research Paper Example , 2013, p. 1). Another definition of interpersonal relationship is: â€Å"an association between two or more people that may range from fleeting to enduring. This association may be based on inference, love, solidarity, regular business interactions, or some other type of social commitment† (Tangient LLC, 2013, par. 1). The objective of the current discourse is to analyze one of my interpersonal relationships using concepts and theoretical frameworks discussed during the course. I would therefore be analyzing the relationship between family members, specifically among parents and siblings. As such, this aim would be achieved through addressing and responding to the following questions, as itemized below: 1. The variables that apply to why we form relationships (attraction, similarity, difference, proximity, etc.). How did these variables function in the beginning of your relationship? How do these variables function now that you have a more established relationship? The variab les that clearly apply in forming the relationship among parents and siblings are: for the fulfillment of basic needs (food, clothing and shelter), including emotional, spiritual, and security needs. As a child, I have already recognized the importance of holistic support provided by my parents; as well as the endearing company of my siblings. I realized that the establishment and continued sustaining of a smooth and strong interpersonal relationship among my parents and among my other siblings would be instrumental in maintaining a happy family. Therefore, although there has been some ups and downs in terms of misunderstandings in communication and minor conflicts that ensue among members (even among my parents and me), I have realized through time that these could be resolved and that family members are those whose bonds would be sustained and preserved despite encountering different problems and challenges. As such, weathering various difficulties and adversities as a family actu ally made our interpersonal relationships stronger. 2. Application of two course theories/concepts to the relationship depending on the type: friendship, family or romantic. To assist in developing, maintaining and sustaining strong interpersonal relationships among family members, the following theories were aptly recognized and applied: the attachment/affiliation theory; as well as the confirming and valuing relationship theory. The attachment/affiliation theory has been described as explaining â€Å"infant behavior towards their attachment figure, during separation and reunion times. It is believed that attachment behaviors formed in infancy will help shape the attachment relationships people have as adults† (Lee, 2003, par. 1). I have therefore manifested and established a stronger bond with my mother, due to her comprehensive support accorded me: physically, emotionally, mentally, psychologically, and even spiritually. As emphasized, â€Å"the mother automatically has s ome kind of bond to the child because she carried it for 9 months, but early contact is important in forming strong bonds between them† (Lee, 2003, par. 5). Thus, through consistent caring, guidance in academic performance, as well as in addressing various problems during my childhood up to adolescent development, I have recognized a stronger attachment to my mother. In addition, I also have shown stronger affiliation with my sibling of similar gender. Especially durign adolescent years, greater need was recognized to be formed with other peers

Business organisation and policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Business organisation and policy - Essay Example Moreover, when large companies expand their limits considerably they wanted to focus on more important activities in the business function rather than small internal functions. Outsourcing also functions on similar concepts. It has been seen that companies have increased their outsourcing and off-shoring dependency. These arrangements include both rewards and risks to the companies, but outsourcing is not an easy task. There are certain steps with the help of which the risks can be minimised and rewards can be earned at each and every stage. The term outsourcing means contracting external providers for performing certain functions for the company. This includes services related to information technology, development, maintenance, support or production. There are BPO (business process outsourcing), call centres and human resources. The key drivers that can be considered for outsourcing functions is generally to reduce the operating cost, development, increasing sales and reduction of other internal costs of the company. The focus is more on the core competencies and when the company focuses on tapping the vendors to integrate the best practices and innovation. Increasing the scalability and the flexibili ty of the operations or for gaining access to low cost human capital might also be a driver for outsourcing (Ernst & Young, 2005, p. 10-12). It should be kept in mind that most of the time outsourcing fails due to various reasons. Outsourcing comes with certain combination of risk and benefits. If they are not well managed then both internal and external risks can adversely affect the performance of the business. In order to deal with the complex risks, companies must go for holistic risk management approaches. In this regard the issues of outsourcing life cycle can be included. Each stage of this life cycle describes

Technological Advancements and the Rise of Western Civilization Essay

Technological Advancements and the Rise of Western Civilization - Essay Example In particular, the creation of more effective weapons, and the advancement of maritime equipment meant that Western Civilizations could be more easily spread to outlying regions, most of which still are marked by Western culture today. Before it was known as Western Civilization, the culture we are familiar with now was referred to as the 'Occident', as a way of separating it from the 'Orient'. In the 16th century, Western culture was generally defined as those societies which had sprung up from Roman and Greek settlement and, to varying degrees, decided to adopt Christianity and to engage in close trade with one another. The nations participating in these activities included Italy, Greece, England, Scotland, Ireland, Portugal, France, Spain and several other Western European nations (Carrier 79). The Western World in the 16th century was marked by radical religious ideologies, mass revolt, the exploitation of European slave markets and ultimately the unification of the Occident into a tightly-knit economic, political and religious unit. Although during that time the citizens of each individual Western country would not have imagined themselves as part of one rising dominant culture, it was the fact that these European countries were geographically forced to deal with one another than made this early Occident the basis for modern Western Civilization. ... s own position in the region but to embrace those fundamental ideals of democracy and Christian morality and from a powerful standpoint, spread them into further reaches of Europe and eventually across the Atlantic Ocean (Ibid 85-95). Technology and Economic Advancement Technological advancements in early Western nations were not only fundamental to the spread of Western culture, but they were the tools by which the slave trade, the primary aspect of Western expansion (Kamen 235-250). Most European countries were involved in the slave trade to some degree, however it was the aggressive tactics of the Portuguese, the Spanish and then the English that fully opened up African countries for slave exploitation and subsequently built their economies and spread their culture. The two major technological advancements for Western Civilization in the 16th century were based on maritime equipment and weaponry. To build a strong economy, based largely on the slave trade, Western European countries needed to update their maritime technologies for better, safer seafaring. Two inventions that helped tremendously with this effort were the mariner's astrolabe and the magnetic compass, both of which were in use for a few hundred years prior to any major Western expansion but that had not been fully adopted by European sailors. The mariner's astrolabe allowed sailors to navigate more accurately by using the stars, sun and moon, while the magnetic compass was a much more reliable version of earlier direction-seeking instruments. With these tools, as well as better ship-building techniques, sailors from Portugal, Spain, England and many other Western nations were suddenly employed in the slave trade to bring workers to their growing countries (Burwash 13-14). Simultaneously,

DBDQ1 Convertible Bonds and DQ2 Market Value of Stock Essay

DBDQ1 Convertible Bonds and DQ2 Market Value of Stock - Essay Example The bondholder of a convertible bond benefits from the conversion of a bond into equity when the prices of the common stocks in the market are higher than the principal. DQ2 The stock market is used by investors and businesses to buy and sell common stocks of corporations. The prices of a stock are influenced by a variety of factors. The economy affects the prices of common stocks. When the economy is doing badly the prices of common stocks go down. Another factor that affects the price of a stock is the financial performance of a company. A solid financial performance reflected in the financial statements of the company can help increase the value of a stock. A third factor that affects the price of a specific stock is the market. The market risk is measured by the Beta coefficient (Besley & Brigham, 2002). Out of these three factors the only factor that the firm can control is the financial performance of the firm. I consider the financial performance of the firm the most important factor. References Besley & Brigham (2000). Essential of Managerial Finance (12th ed.). Forth Worth: The Dryden Press. Investopedia.com (2011). Convertible Bond. Retrieved May 15, 2011 from http://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/convertiblebond.asp

Tivo - Case Writeup Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Tivo - Case Writeup - Essay Example Before the launch of TiVo, television viewing was more of a passive activity, with top programs vying for the prime time slot, season premieres drawing in huge audiences and advertisers trying to gain advantage of such high viewership by grabbing prime time space. The presence of a large TV viewing audience, the habits of audiences, popularity of television as an integral part of entertainment as evident from the data showing trends in purchase of TV, and the added ease of watching one’s favorite shows, in itself presented the required business opportunity to launch the new concept in the market. During the initial execution phase of the product, several factors were observed that played a major role in assessing various elements of its business model. The product’s price was estimated to be quite high which was apparently more expensive than most TV sets. Besides, lack of awareness proved to be a setback in reaching the target markets which made marketing and sale of t he product even more challenging since unlike other products in that category, TiVo required extensive explanations for its various features. Moreover, the advertisers showed concern over one of its features that allowed the viewers to forward advertisements. These factors guided the company to frame better policies and terms that would be beneficial to both the parties concerned. TiVo had a huge subscriber base comprising of 42000 subscribers, just fourteen months after its launch, with a strong and impressive current rate of 14,000 new subscribers per quarter. It had strategic partnerships with superstar brands – Sony and Phillips and subsidized them to manufacture, distribute and promote the black box to the retailers. Apart from the revenues from advertisers and subscribers, the other major source of revenue was through the sale of hardware. In order to penetrate the 102 million TV viewing households market in the U.S.,

Political Frontiers in the Articles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Political Frontiers in the Articles - Essay Example In these articles, the authors also focus on political and human dimensions of decision-making. The basic meaning as well as possible impacts of human dimensions of decision-making has a fundamental role in modeling the battles surrounding social control. The authors also explore the self-immolation history as well as the related forms of debate across various social settings. For instance, some Tibetan Buddhists sought to constitute the components of both unacceptable and acceptable violence (Minyanville 6). In reading the articles, self-immolation is evident. However, other people think of how the governments has done minimal towards instituting economic programs that ordinary citizens could be eligible to participate. There are speculations that such immolations result from the influx of public policy as well as the desire for greater autonomy. This adds on the restrictions facing the farmers among many other social and economic factors. Also, there is no mention of the Chinese in vasion and destruction of thousands of monasteries close to a million Tibetans (Burma 4). The Tibet’s Chinese occupation entailed more brutal as well as genocidal campaigns. However, the piece as well as self-immolation takes the description of dismissive terms like â€Å"political theatre†. The political theatre plays are self-immolations from people desperate of having aspirations for religious self-determination and freedom acknowledged. Also, labor force instability is one of the issues cutting across the three articles.

Gender Ad Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Gender Ad Paper - Essay Example The advertisement is for the bra and clearly illustrates a strong gender message of women as somewhat weak and the object of sexual desire. This message was purposefully created by the Wonderbra company, which looks to be a layout for presentation within a magazine. It is brilliantly detailed in solid colors, looking almost like a retro advertisement for a 1950’s woman, however caught in a contemporary scenario in the construction environment. The visual image of the hook catching her professional outfit to expose her underlying bra indicates that the crane operator was likely appealing to his own desires to view the unclothed female body and had deliberately snagged her outfit just to catch a peek. Again, this illustrates that the female consumer can be dominated by men in a very stereotypical role of the passerby being whistled at by lustful and isolated construction workers. The audience for this advertisement, interestingly, is actually for women in an effort to sell more bras to consumers. This would indicate that the company is attempting to create a connection with more subordinate women who might be thrilled by being caught in a similar experience. This would represent marketing which is attempting to relate to women who are business professionals who, in their personal lives, might enjoy a more risquà © social situation such as being the object of sexual desire in a construction environment. The message being sent in this ad clearly identifies women as being sexual and somewhat provocative, which is enhanced by the male worker mesmerized by the woman’s plight. He looks as though he is posed to come to her rescue, which again highlights a gender message being sent which makes women appear to be the less-dominant gender in need of masculine assistance. Clearly, sexuality is on the forefront of this